"""
List all the methods and attributes of an object.
Some of the attributes are instance attributes, some are class attributes.
"""
import sys
import date #the date.py module we wrote
d = date.Date(12, 31, 2019)
dictionary = d.__dict__
for name in dir(d): #attribute is a string
attribute = getattr(d, name)
c1 = "m" if callable(attribute) else " " #This attribute is a method.
c2 = "v" if name in dictionary else " " #This attribute is an instance attribute.
print(f"{c1}{c2} {name}")
sys.exit(0)
The
methods
of the object
d
are marked with
“m”.
The instance attributes
of the object
d
are marked with
“v”
(for “variable”).
The class attribute
(e.g.,
lengths)
is not marked at all.
m __class__ m __delattr__ __dict__ m __dir__ __doc__ m __eq__ m __format__ m __ge__ m __getattribute__ m __gt__ m __hash__ m __init__ m __init_subclass__ m __le__ m __lt__ __module__ m __ne__ m __new__ m __reduce__ m __reduce_ex__ m __repr__ m __setattr__ m __sizeof__ m __str__ m __subclasshook__ __weakref__ v day m dayOfYear m getDay m getMonth m getYear lengths v month m monthsInYear m nextDay m nextDays v year
The attributes whose names start and end with
__
are
inherited
by class
date.Date
from its base class
object.
The argument of the
dir
function can be a data type that is a class,
such as
object.
for name in dir(object):
print(name)
__class__ __delattr__ __dir__ __doc__ __eq__ __format__ __ge__ __getattribute__ __gt__ __hash__ __init__ __init_subclass__ __le__ __lt__ __ne__ __new__ __reduce__ __reduce_ex__ __repr__ __setattr__ __sizeof__ __str__ __subclasshook__
import sys
import date #the date.py module we wrote
attributesOfObject = set(dir(object))
attributesOfDate = set(dir(date.Date))
newAttributes = attributesOfDate - attributesOfObject
for attribute in sorted(newAttributes):
print(attribute)
sys.exit(0)
__dict__ __module__ __weakref__ dayOfYear getDay getMonth getYear lengths monthsInYear nextDay nextDays