#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>   //for class string and the function stoi
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	const string s {"l234"};   //or try "2147483648", just barely too big

	try {
		const int i {stoi(s)};
		cout << "i = " << i << "\n";
	}

	catch (const invalid_argument& ex) {
		cerr << "Not a valid integer " << ex.what() << "\n";
		return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }

        catch (const out_of_range& ex) {
		cerr << "Value out of range " << ex.what() << "\n";
		return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }

	catch (...) {     //none of the above
		cerr << "Unexpected type of exception thrown.\n";
		return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}