#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cctype>   //for the function tolower
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	char c {'A'};   //means char c{65};
	cout << c << "\n";
	
	//Use "bitwise or" to change uppercase 'A' to lowercase 'a'.
	//(We're really changing 65 to 97.)
	//   01000001    0x41 = 'A' = 65
	// | 00100000    0x20       = 32
	//   01100001    0x61 = 'a' = 97
	
	c |= 0x20;   //means c = c | 0x20;
	cout << c << "\n\n";

	char d {'B'};
	cout << d << "\n";
	d = tolower(d);   //C++ Standard Library function
	cout << d << "\n";

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}