Operators that have a side effect

We are used to thinking of the four symbols   +   -   *   /   as the only operators.
But other symbols, such as   =   <<   >>   ++   --   are also operators.
This means that an entire statement such as

	i = j + k;

Some operators do nothing more than compute a value.
An example is the + operator when applied to ints:                              y + x     10 + 20
Other operators also have side effects. For example,

• The = operator assigns a new value to a variable:                        y = x
• The << operator performs output:                                                 cout << x
• The >> operator performs input:                                                   cin >> x

1. precedence2.C.
   * (multiplication, line 5) has higher precedence than = (assignment, line 16).
   * (multiplication line 5) has higher precedence than << (output, line 7).
   See lines 5, 16, and 7 of this table.
2. associativity2.C.
   << (output, line 7) and >> (input, line 7) have left-to-right associativity.
   = (assignment, line 16) has right-to-left associativity. See lines 5, 7, and 16 of this table.
3. assignment.C. The assignment operators:     +=     -=     *=     /=     etc.
4. increment.C. The increment and decrement operators:     ++     --     (that’s two dashes)
   This is how the C++ language got its name: it’s a little better than the older language C.