CISC-1600-E01 Final Exam
Thursday, December 19, 2024

1. What is a computer?
2. What is a program?
3. Write a complete C++ program that outputs (to cout) the following three lines

   New York
   New Jersey
   Connecticut
   

   and then produces the value EXIT_SUCCESS as its exit status.
4. Create a C++ variable named i, of data type int, born holding the value 10. Then output (to cout) the value of this variable, followed by one newline character.
5. What does the following C++ code output?

   	int i {5};
   	int j {2};
   	cout << i/j << "\n"; 
   
   	double d {5.0};
   	double e {2.0};
   	cout << d/e << "\n"; 
   

6. Assume you already have a variable named ncans, of data type int, containing the number of cans of beer you have. Do not create this variable: assume it already exists. Now create a variable named nsixpacks, of type int, whose value is the number of complete sixpacks you can make out of ncans of beer. (A complete sixpack contains six cans). And make another variable named leftovers, of type int, whose value is the number of loose cans left over after you make all the possible sixpacks out of ncans of beer.
7. [Multiple choice.] In the following C++ statement, in what order are the operators executed?

   	i = 20 * j + k;
   

   1. =, *, +
   2. =, +, *
   3. *, =, +
   4. *, +, =
   5. +, =, *
   6. +, *, =
8. [Multiple choice.] In what order do the three variables in the following C++ program die?

   void f();
   
   int main()
   {
   	f();
   	int k {20};
   	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
   }
   
   void f()
   {
   	for (int i {0}; i < 10; ++i) {
   		cout << j << "\n";
   	}
   
   	int j {10};
   }
   

   1. i, j, k
   2. i, k, j
   3. j, i, k
   4. j, k, i
   5. k, i, j
   6. k, j, i
9. Write a C++ loop that produces the following output:

   0
   7
   14
   21
   28
   35
   42
   49
   56
   63
   70
   

   Extra credit. Right justify the column of numbers, because that’s the way human beings like it:

    0
    7
   14
   21
   28
   35
   42
   49
   56
   63
   70
   

10. Assume you already have a variable named x, of type double, containing some value. Do not create this variable: assume it already exists. Output one of the three messages “positive”, “negative”, or “zero”, followed by one newline, to indicate whether the value of x is positive, negative, or zero.
11. Assume you aready have two arrays of ints, named source and dest, of equal length. Do not create these arrays: assume they already exist. Write C++ code that will copy all the values from the source array into the dest array.
12. Assume you already have an array of ints named a. Do not create this array: assume it already exists. Write C++ code that will output (to cout) the sum of all the positive values in the aray. If the array contains no positive values, your code should output 0.
13. Assume you already have an array of ints named a. Do not create this array: assume it already exists. Write C++ code that will output (to cout) the smallest value in the array. But if the array contains no values (i.e., if the array is of length zero), your code should output (to cerr) a message saying that there is no smallest value in the array.
14. Create a new data type named weatherReport. A variable of this new data type will contain three values inside of it:
    1. An int named fahrenheit, giving the temperature in fahrenheit.
    2. A double named millibars, giving the air pressure in millibars.
    3. An int named humidity, giving the humidity in percent.
    Then create one variable named today, of data type weatherReport, born holding the three values 57, 996.4, and 90. Output (to cout) the three values in today on three separate lines.
15. Array of structures. Create an array named a, containing 5 of the weatherReports of the previous examples. You can make up the values for the three fields in each weatherReport. Then write C++ code that will output (to cout) the subscript of the weatherReport with the highest humidity in the array. (This subscript will be an integer in the range 0 to 4 inclusive, since the array contains 5 weatherReports.) If two or more weatherReports have the same humidity, output the subscript of the last one that has that humidity.

    If the array contains no weatherReports (i.e., if the array is of length zero), your code should output (to cerr) a message saying that there is no smallest humidity in the array. This will not happen, since your array contains 5 weatherReports. But put it in anyway, just in case someone else changes the array.

16. Assume you have six variables, of data type double, named a, b, c, d, e, and f. Do not create these variables: assume they already exist.

    Assume that the following code is in the main function. Change the code to compute the three averages by calling a new function named average. This function average should take two formal arguments, of data type double, named d1 and d2. The function average should return a value of data type double, giving the average of the two formal arguments. Please write the definition of the function average. Don’t bother to write the declaration for the function, since the declaration is almost exactly the same as the first line of the definition. Make sure that the output of the program remains exactly the same when you make these changes.

    	cout << "The average of " << a << and " << b << is "
         		<< (a+b)/2.0 << ".\n";
    	cout << "The average of " << c << " and " << d << " is "
         		<< (c+d)/2.0 << ".\n";
    	cout << "The average of " << e << " and " << f << " is "
         		<< (e+f)/2.0 << ".\n";
    

    Extra credit. Create a new data type, named pair, that holds a pair of doubles. Put the three pairs of doubles (a and b, c and d, e and f) into an array of three pairs. Then loop through the array instead of writing almost the same cout statement over and over.
17. Write a function named adjust whose formal argument is a “reference to an int” named n. If the value of this argument is greater than 100, the function will change the value of this argument to 100.
18. Write a recursive function named asterisks, that takes one formal argument, named n, of data type int. The function will output (to cout) a row of n asterisks. The function will use recursion instead of a loop, and will do the following things:
    1. Check for error. If the formal argument n is negative, the function will output (to cerr) an error message and terminate the program with exit(EXIT_FAILURE).
    2. If the formal argument n is zero, the function will do nothing.
    3. If the formal argument n is positive, the function will output (to cout) one asterisk, and will then call itself to output the remaining n-1 asterisks.

    Just write the function definition, because the function declaration is almost the same as the first line of the function definition.