#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	cin.exceptions(ios_base::badbit | ios_base::failbit | ios_base::eofbit);

	int i;   //uninitialized variable
	cout << "Please input an integer: ";

	try {
		cin >> i;
	}

	catch (const ios_base::failure& fail) {
		cerr << "caught ios_base::failure exception " << fail.what()
			<< "\n";

		if (cin.eof()) {
			cerr << "encountered end of input\n";
		} else if (cin.bad()) {
			cerr << "couldn't input characters from outside world\n";
		} else if (cin.fail()) {
			cerr << "the first non-whitespace characters read\n"
				"from input were not one or more consecutive\n"
				"digits optionally preceded by a minus sign\n";
		} else {
			cerr << "unknown error\n";
		}

		return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}

	cout << "The number was " << i << ".\n";
	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}