#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <bitset>
#include <string>
#include <limits>  //for numeric_limits
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	bitset<32> a;	//32 bits of zeroes

	bitset<32> b(string("00000000111111110000000011111111"));
	bitset<32> c(string(	//more legible way to do the same thing
		"00000000"
		"11111111"
		"00000000"
		"11111111"
	));
	cout << "c == " << c << ", rightmost bit is " << c[0] << ".\n";

	string s = c.to_string<char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char> >();
	cout << "s == " << s << ", leftmost bit is " << s[0] << ".\n";

	if (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::digits <= 32) {   //number of bits
		bitset<32> d = 0xFFFF0000;
		unsigned long ul = d.to_ulong();
		cout << "d == " << d << ", rightmost bit is " << d[0] << ".\n"
			<< "ul == " << ul << " == " << hex << ul << dec << "\n";
	}

	a = b & c;	//can do & &= | |= ^ ^= ~ << <<= >> >>= == !=
	cout << "a == " << a << ", rightmost bit is " << a[0] << ".\n";

	a[0].flip();   //flip the rightmost bit
	a.flip(0);     //flip the rightmost bit
	a.flip();      //flip all the bits
	cout << "a == " << a << ", rightmost bit is " << a[0] << ".\n";

	if (a.none()) {
		cout << "None of the bits are on.\n";
	} else if ((~a).none()) {
		cout << "All of the bits are on.\n";
	} else {
		cout << a.count() << " of the bits are on.\n";
	}

	a[0] = true;   //Turn on the rightmost bit.
	a.set(0);      //Turn on the rightmost bit.
	a.set();       //Turn on all the bits.

	a[0] = false;  //Turn off the rightmost bit.
	a.reset(0);    //Turn off the rightmost bit.
	a.reset();     //Turn off all the bits.

	if (a.any()) {
		cerr << "None of the bits should be on after a reset.\n";
	}

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}